Sapphire is a superior optical material possesses excellent optical, chemical and physical properties. The hardest of the oxide crystals, sapphire retains its high strength at high temperatures, has good thermal properties and excellent transparency. It has high transmittance from 1.5 μm to 6.0 μm in the middle infrared. The other hand, it is chemically resistant to common acids and alkali at temperatures up to 1000 °C as well as to HF below 300 °C. These properties encourage its wide use in hostile environments where optical transmission in the range from the vacuum ultraviolet to the near infrared is required. Physical and Optical Properties:

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